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Generate Public Key From Private Key Gpg
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Jun 30, 2018 This is part 1 of this series. At the end of this post, you should be able to generate your own public/private keypair and a revocation certificate. This certificate is used to revoke your public/private keypair when your private key is compromised or you forget the passphrase for your private key. GPG can be used for encryption and for signing. Delete public key from Private for Private key storage with GPG. Ask Question Asked 4 years, 9 months ago. QR codes are big enough for a single 4096 bit key, but not for both the private and the public key (which is automatically included with the private key).
-->To sign an assembly with a strong name, you must have a public/private key pair. This public and private cryptographic key pair is used during compilation to create a strong-named assembly. You can create a key pair using the Strong Name tool (Sn.exe). Key pair files usually have an .snk extension.
Note
In Visual Studio, the C# and Visual Basic project property pages include a Signing tab that enables you to select existing key files or to generate new key files without using Sn.exe. In Visual C++, you can specify the location of an existing key file in the Advanced property page in the Linker section of the Configuration Properties section of the Property Pages window. The use of the AssemblyKeyFileAttribute attribute to identify key file pairs was made obsolete beginning with Visual Studio 2005.
Create a key pair
To create a key pair, at a command prompt, type the following command:
sn –k <file name>
In this command, file name is the name of the output file containing the key pair.
The following example creates a key pair called sgKey.snk.
If you intend to delay sign an assembly and you control the whole key pair (which is unlikely outside test scenarios), you can use the following commands to generate a key pair and then extract the public key from it into a separate file. First, create the key pair:
Next, extract the public key from the key pair and copy it to a separate file:
Once you create the key pair, you must put the file where the strong name signing tools can find it.
When signing an assembly with a strong name, the Assembly Linker (Al.exe) looks for the key file relative to the current directory and to the output directory. When using command-line compilers, you can simply copy the key to the current directory containing your code modules.
If you are using an earlier version of Visual Studio that does not have a Signing tab in the project properties, the recommended key file location is the project directory with the file attribute specified as follows:
See also
Updated by Alex FornutoContributed byHuw Evans
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You may be familiar with public key authentication for Secure Shell (SSH) on your Linode. But you may not have known that you can also use a GNU Privacy Guard (GPG) keypair to authenticate with SSH.
The chief benefit of this method is that instead of having separate keys for GPG messaging and SSH authentication, they can both belong to the same GPG keyring. This configuration really shines, however, when used with a GPG smartcard or YubiKey, because the card/dongle can store the underlying private key and only authenticate SSH sessions when it’s plugged in. WIRED reported that engineers at Facebook use this method for authenticating with local servers, so why shouldn’t you?
This guide will show you how to generate a GPG key, set up your computer to serve it in place of an SSH key, and put the new public key onto your server for authentication. It will also detail how to optionally move your GPG private key onto a smartcard or YubiKey to prevent authentication when the device isn’t plugged into your computer.
Before You Begin
NoteThis guide assumes:
- You have a fully functional Linode
- You have followed the Getting Started and Securing Your Server guides, and updated your Linode with
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
) - You are familiar with the command line
You don’t necessarily need to be familiar with SSH public key authentication or GPG encryption, but an understanding of their operation will help you out if you run into problems.
Generate a GPG Keypair
This section explains how to generate a new GPG keypair. If you already have one, you may skip these steps, as the next section will include instructions for how to create a subkey to use specifically for authentication. You will just need the 8-digit ID for your existing key to do so.
CautionAll of these steps should be performed on a local machine, not your Linode.
Install GPG:
On Debian and its derivatives:
On OS X: Mh generations key quests village.
GPGTools provides the simplest implementation of GPG for OS X. Otherwise, you could run
brew install gnupg2
if you have Homebrew.On other operating systems, this process should be fairly clear. GPG is likely already installed, but if it isn’t, a quick internet search should give you the instructions you need.
Open a command prompt and execute:
When prompted to select the kind of key you want, select
(1) RSA and RSA
.When asked for a keysize, type
4096
. If you want to store your key on a YubiKey Neo or certain smartcards, you may be restricted to a 2048-bit key size, so ensure that you aware of limitations for your device, if applicable.Choose an expiration period that you think will be suitable for this key. After that date, the key will no longer work, so choose carefully.
Enter your full name, email address, and a comment (if you want). Select
O
for ‘Okay’.After looking over your shoulders for secret agents, enter a long and secure passphrase that will be used to encrypt your key in local storage. Write this down somewhere you know to be physically secure while your computer generates the keypair.
Once this is done, your output should resemble the following:
This process has created a master GPG key and a subkey for encrypting messages and files. To authenticate with SSH, we need to generate a second subkey for authentication.
Generating the Authentication Subkey
In a command prompt or terminal, type:
Replace
key-id
with the eight-character string output from the key generation process. This will be found in the line beginning withpub
. In the example above, the ID is71735D23
.At the new
gpg>
prompt, enter:When prompted, enter your passphrase.
When asked for the type of key you want, select:
(8) RSA (set your own capabilities)
.Enter
S
to toggle the ‘Sign’ action off.Enter
E
to toggle the ‘Encrypt’ action off.Enter
A
to toggle the ‘Authenticate’ action on. The output should now includeCurrent allowed actions: Authenticate
, with nothing else on that line.Enter
Q
to continue.When asked for a keysize, choose
4096
. The same limitation from Step 4 in the first section applies, so ensure your card/YubiKey can support this key size.Enter an expiration date, just as before. You should probably keep this the same as the first one. If you choose a lower expiration date, your main private key will continue to function but your SSH authentication will break on this date.
When you’re sure all of the information entered is correct, enter
y
at theReally create? (y/N)
prompt to complete the process.Once the key is created, enter
quit
to leave the gpg prompt, andy
at the prompt to save changes.
Your terminal should now look like this:
Secure Your GPG Key
CautionYou should always have a backup of your private key in case something goes wrong and you end up locked out of everything that requires it. This private key, along with the instructions in this guide, will be enough to get your setup working again if you need to start afresh on a new computer.
Back up your
~/.gnupg
folder with the following command, replacingUSB_DEVICE
with the name of your device:This assumes you have a storage device mounted at
/Volumes/USB_DEVICE/
. Different operating systems may use different naming conventions for this path. You can safely ignore anyOperation not supported on socket
warnings that appear when you enter this command.Back up your private key, replacing
key-id
with the eight-character key ID for your private key:Back up your subkeys, replacing
key-id
with the eight-character key ID for each subkey:
If something bad happens and you lose your keys, you can re-import them by overwriting the ~/.gnupg
directory with your copy, and using:
Be sure to replace key-file
with the location of each of your files.
Export Your Public Key
If you’re working on a VM or offline machine, you’ll also need to export your public key to be reimported later:
Be sure to replace key-id
with your own key ID.
You can reimport it with the ever-handy gpg2 --import key-file
command.
Move Your Key to a Smartcard or YubiKey (Optional)
Noteykpersonalise -m82
. ykpersonalise
can be installed through your package manager.Secure Your Card
It is assumed that you have already configured your card/YubiKey’s (herein referred to as ‘GPG device’) owner information. It is highly recommended that you secure your card before you start this section.
Note123456
, and the default Admin PIN is usually 12345678
. If these don’t work, contact the manufacturer or review online documentation.![Generate public key from private key gpg free Generate public key from private key gpg free](https://cdn.instructables.com/F9W/W7M2/FEMY32JJ/F9WW7M2FEMY32JJ.LARGE.jpg?auto=webp&&frame=1&fit=bounds)
Plug in the device and execute:
Enable admin commands:
Enter the password change menu:
Change the password to your device by selecting
2 - unblock PIN
. This will unblock your PIN, and prompt you to change it. This PIN will be required every time you want to access your GPG key (e.g. every time you authenticate with SSH), and has a limit of eight characters.Change the admin PIN by selecting
3 - change Admin PIN
. This PIN is required to make administrative changes, like in step 2, and has a limit of 6 characters. For optimum security, never store this PIN in a digital location, since it will be unnecessary for daily use of the YubiKey.Exit these menus by selecting
Q
and then typingquit
.
For reference, your window should resemble the following. This example is abbreviated:
Transfer Your Subkey
Enter the key edit menu from a normal command prompt, replacing
key-id
with your own key ID:Switch to the private key editor:
Select only the authentication subkey:
Remember, if you have more subkeys this command should be changed as appropriate.
Transfer the key:
Select
(3) Authentication key
to store your key on the third slot of the device. If this is not an option, ensure that you’ve selected the appropriate subkey.Enter your passphrase.
Type
save
to exit this menu.If you’re working on a VM or offline machine, export the subkey stubs (pointers so GPG knows your subkeys are on the device):
Be sure to substitute your own key ID for
key-id
. You can reimport these with an ordinarygpg2 --import <stub file>
on your private machine.
After all this, your output should resemble the following:
Congratulations! You’ve successfully transferred your authentication subkey to your device.
CautionServe Your GPG key Instead of an SSH key
In this section, we’ll configure your local machine so the connection between GPG and SSH works properly.
Return to your local machine, import all of the appropriate GPG keys and insert the appropriate GPG device. Install GPG if you don’t already have it on your local computer (e.g. if you performed all the above steps on a VM).
Edit the
~/.bash_profile
file (or similar shell startup file) to include:Linux:
- ~/.bash_profile
OS X
- ~/.bash_profile
This ensures that SSH can ‘see’ your GPG keys and automatically starts
gpg-agent
as needed.Edit or create
~/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf
:- ~/.gnupg/gpg-agent.conf
If you’re on OS X and previously installed GPGTools, you can also add the line:
This allows you to use the PIN entry program provided by GPGTools.
Restart the GPG agent:
Add the New Key to Your Linode
The steps from the previous sections will take your GPG keys and pipe them through SSH so they can be used for authentication. The result of this process is that you’ve created a new RSA public key for use with SSH authentication.
![Generate public key from private key gpg software Generate public key from private key gpg software](https://www.bytesizedalex.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/image_thumb-19.png)
On your local machine, extract the public key:
You should see a long output of alphanumeric characters. If you see
The agent has no identities
, try the steps to restart the GPG agent from above.Copy the whole string of output, including
ssh-rsa
. If you see multiple strings beginning withssh-rsa
, copy the one that ends withcardno:
. It might look like this:Paste this into a new file (for example,
~/gpg-key.pub
) and save it.Copy the file to your Linode:
Log into your Linode and append the key to the
authorized_hosts
file:
Gpg Public Key Server List
You’re done! Disconnect, and all new logins should now use your GPG key instead of a passphrase. This SSH key can also be used with GitHub, Bitbucket, other SSH-based Version Control Systems, or anywhere else that accepts SSH keys.
More Information
You may wish to consult the following resources for additional information on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will be useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of externally hosted materials.
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This guide is published under a CC BY-ND 4.0 license.